November 9

In 1938, more than 30,000 Jews were arrested and 91 killed in Germany as a mob carried out a pogrom against them. Synagogues were burned down or demolished, prayer books and Torah scrolls fed bonfires in Jewish neighborhoods, and thousands of Jewish shops and homes were destroyed. The night was named Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) for all the smashed glass.

In 1989, the Berlin Wall was opened after 28 years of separating East and West Germany.